Books
The OI is an independent research organization sponsored by William & Mary.
Unless otherwise indicated, all OI books are distributed by The University of North Carolina Press.

Beyond Confederation
Origins of the Constitution and American National Identity
Richard Beeman, Stephen Botein, and Edward C. Carter II
Paper: 978-0-8078-4172-3 ($39.95)Copyright 1987
University of North Carolina Press
Beyond Confederation scrutinizes the ideological background of the U.S. Constitution, the rigors of its writing and ratification, and the problems it both faced and provoked immediately after ratification. The essays in this collection question much of the heritage of eighteenth-century constitutional thought and suggest that many of the commonly debated issues have led us away from the truly germane questions. The authors challenge many of the traditional generalizations and the terms and scope of that debate as well.
The contributors raise fresh questions about the Constitution as it enters its third century. What happened in Philadelphia in 1787, and what happened in the state ratifying conventions? Why did the states—barely—ratify the Constitution? What were Americans of the 1789s attempting to achieve? The exploratory conclusions point strongly to an alternative constitutional tradition, some of it unwritten, much of it rooted in state constitutional law; a tradition that not only has redefined the nature and role of the Constitution but also has placed limitations on its efficacy throughout American history.
The authors are Lance Banning, Richard Beeman, Stephen Botein, Richard D. Brown, Richard E. Ellis, Paul Finkelman, Stanley N. Katz, Ralph Lerner, Drew R. McCoy, John M. Murrin, Jack N. Rakove, Janet A. Riesman, and Gordon S. Wood.
About the Author
Richard Beeman is professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania.
Reviews
A fascinating collection of essays, abundantly illustrating the vigor of current scholarship on the making of the Constitution.
--Forrest McDonald
Beyond Confederation provides a major contribution to the Bicentennial observance of our constitutional origins: a brilliant exposition of our knowledge of the nature and legacy of Antifederalism; scrupulous attention to the impact of political economy and the quest for prosperity upon the shaping of the Constitution; reinterpretations of our understanding of James Madison as political theorist and politician.
--Michael Kammen
This excellent collection offers well-written, updated, scholarly interpretations of the constitutional era by some of the leading authorities in the field.
--Journal of American History